Computer Memory – Explore its Definition and Types

Computers need specific equipment and accessories to operate at maximum potential. One of these essential requirements is  computer memory. It stores data and information while the central processing unit of your computer processes it. 

In this blog post, we’ll discuss different types of computer memory, their basic definitions and their specific use-cases to enhance our understanding of computer components and make regret-free purchases. 

What is Computer Memory?

In simple words, computer or laptop memory is the mechanism that stores instructions and data on a device. It is made up of several cells, known as memory cells. Note that each of these cells is unique. The CPU uses these cells to read and write instructions based on the input commands from the user.

Computer memory is mainly of two types, namely Internal memory and external memory. These memories are further divided into various types which we will discuss in the upcoming sections.

Why is Computer Memory Important?

Memory is critical for electronic devices like PCs and laptops. Since they can’t perform tasks without it. It is responsible for the proper startup and functioning of a device. Moreover, it plays a crucial role in maintaining your computer’s speed and enables you to run multiple applications in parallel. Furthermore, if you want to save specific data or information for future use, you may need to employ specific types of computer memory devices.

Types of Computer Memory

Following are the most important types and subtypes of computer memory. Read till the end, or you might miss something meaningful for your next hassle-free tech purchase.

Internal Memory

Internal memory, commonly known as primary memory, holds a small amount of data for quick user access. This memory resides in chips linked to the motherboard and requires a direct connection to the device. Following are the two fundamental categories of internal memory:

• ROM
• RAM

ROM

Read-Only-Memory, or ROM, is a permanent storage mechanism that never loses data when the device is turned off.

ROM memory doesn’t rely on a power supply since it has individual cells. The data is stored as binary code, i.e., “0” and “1”. Hence, you can’t modify the ROM data. Therefore, It is handy for ensuring smooth device operation and storing unchanged aspects like:

• Boot-up processes
• Firmware instructions

ROM is further divided into PROM, EEPROM, and EEPROM. Here is a brief overview of each type:

PROM (Programmable read-only memory): 

• Initiate as a memory with no data
• PROM programmer is a primary requirement to write data onto the chip

EPROM (Erasable programmable read-only memory):

• Users can write data
• Users can erase old data and reprogram the chip 

EEPROM (Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory): 

• Great replacement for PROM or EPROM chips 
• Users can erase data and reprogram chips with the help of an electric field 
• Data removal is more quick and efficient than the EPROM

RAM

The primary use case of RAM or Random access memory (RAM) is to assist the central processing unit (CPU). RAM is a temporary storage that plays a significant role in storing data your applications need while you’re actively using them. 

It enables users to access data at much faster rates. The performance and speed of your device depend on the amount of RAM it has. If there’s not enough RAM, your programs may face glitches, impacting the overall performance of your computer. 

RAM is further divided into DRAM and SRAM. Here is a brief overview of both types:

DRAM (Dynamic random access memory) 

• More affordable 
• Generates high-capacity memory
• Consists of transistors and capacitors
• It needs a periodic recharge to retain its data

SRAM (Static random access memory) 

• Holds the data as long as the system is powered
• There is no need for frequent recharges
• More expensive than DRAM 
• Mainly used for cache memory

Cache

Simply put, Cache memory is the speedy brain of your computer. It’s a type of internal storage that holds copies of data the computer uses frequently. As a result, whenever the CPU requires something, the cache memory can quickly give it to the CPU. Typically, this memory hangs between the CPU and the main memory (RAM) as a helpful buffer.

External memory

External or secondary memory is a type of computer memory directly connected to the CPU with the help of external memory devices. These devices include:

• Flash drives
• Hard drives
• Compact discs (CDs)
• Optical drives
• Magnetic storage devices
• Memory cards

Solid-State Drives

SSDs or solid-state drives are a particular type of external memory. It consists of tiny silicon microchips. Moreover, SSDs are more advanced than traditional magnetic storage devices. However, you can remove them from the device for data storage or retrieval like conventional devices.

They are faster because they store binary data electrically in silicon chips called cells. While RAM uses a similar technique, SSDs can retain memory even when a device is turned off, thanks to the flash memory mechanism. The most common examples are:

• USB memory stick 
• USB flash drive

Virtual Memory

Lastly, virtual memory is another type of computer memory that acts as a backup storage for your PCs and Laptops. It’s like having an extra hard drive or solid-state drive. Whenever your PC runs out of RAM, virtual memory becomes critical. It steps in and shifts some data from RAM to this backup storage on the disk.

It creates a temporary space called a paging file on the hard disk. As a result, your computer keeps running without any technical glitches until there’s more room in the RAM for storage.

Conclusion

At this point, you must be aware of different types of computer memory, their types and their specific use cases. It is essential to explore and discover these aspects since they will help you to make informed purchases and take your IT or gaming experience to new levels. 

Last but not least, if you are on the verge of buying internal or external computer memory devices, then Direct Macro can be a great help. Explore top-tier memory devices and other technical products to elevate your IT and gaming experience. Thanks for reading!